2017 will be remembered as the year of ransomware attacks and massive data breaches, supply chain threats and fake news stories. With attackers able to achieve many of their aims by using techniques not particularly advanced, the distinction between nation states and cyber criminals has blurred, making attribution all the more difficult. Cyber-attacks have resulted in financial losses to businesses of all sizes. The costs arise from the attack itself, the remediation and repairing reputational damage by regaining public trust.

Open publication